● OTHER NAMES :-
• Reformed Method
• Natural Method
• Phonetic Method
• Berlitz Method
• Oral Method
• Anti - grammatical Method

● ORIGINATED in France in 1901

● Got its PRINCIPLES from France and Germany but became popular in America.

● CHIEF EXPONENTS :-
• Gouin
• Sauveur
• Charles Berlitz
• Carl Albert Krause
• F. Franke

● AIM OF DIRECT METHOD :-
• To build a direct relation between experience and language, word and idea, thought and expression.
• To learn how to communicate in Target Language.

● ESSENTIALS OF DIRECT METHOD :-
• No translation.
• Concepts are taught by means of objects or by natural contents.
• Oral training helps in Reading and Writing.
• Grammar is taught indirectly and inductively (not separately)
[ Examples ------> Rules ]

● PRINCIPLES OF DIRECT METHOD :-
• Based on applied linguistics of phoneticians [Henry Sweet]
• Speech is primary, writing is secondary.
• Fluency is emphasized, not accuracy.
• Grammar shouldn't be taught separately.
• Everyday vocabulary should be used in classroom.
• Teacher should not explain but demonstrate/act.
• Oral skills are emphasized.
• Articulatory aspects are emphasized.
• New teaching points should be introduced orally.

● TECHNIQUES OF DIRECT METHOD :-
• Question/Answer exercise.
• Dictation.
• Reading aloud.
• Self - correction.
• Conversation practice.
• Paragraph writing.

● DEMERITS OF DIRECT METHOD :-
• Reading and Writing skills are ignored.
• Grammar is not taught systematically.
• Suitable for self - motivated students only.
• Complexities of Target Language are over exposed to the learners.
• Lack of skilled teachers.
• Not successful in rural background.